In the human body, to provide any part of the oxygen body and the nutrients necessary for the correct course of the metabolic processes, a network of blood vessels is provided: arteries and veins. The blood saturated with oxygen flows through arteries and blood with processing products flows through the veins: carbon dioxide and waste from metabolic processes, which must be transmitted to the organs to remove them from the body. But if the flow of blood is quite high along the arteries, then the blood flow slows down in the veins and the blood contained in them, exceeds the strength of the gravitational attraction, returning to the heart. So that there is no mechanical flow of blood along the veins in them, valves are provided, which only open in a direction upwards. After closing it, the blood cannot flow. But for a series of reasons, these valves lose their elasticity, elasticity and do not close, which allows part of the blood in the veins to go down and accumulate in the veins in a larger volume than the physiological laws.
This excess volume of blood causes the expansion of the veins and causes a change in the wall of the blood vessels - pockets are formed in which the stagnant blood is collected. All this pathological process is called - varicose disease or varicose veins. More often, varicose veins occur in the legs, since a larger volume of venous blood is collected here, but not rarely manifested in the hands. What contributes to this?
Causes of varicose veins
For the development of any disease, there must be predisposing and stimulating factors. The first includes:
- The legacy of the transmission of the non -vitality of the structure of the circulatory system, in particular the valve apparatus,
- Congenital changes in ships,
- Violations of the metabolic processes, which lead to the thinning of the ship's wall and the loss of elasticity (diabetes mellitus, violation of the function of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands),
- The age changes in the walls of ships.
Provocative factors:
- A sedentary lifestyle, there is no muscle work necessary to contract and mechanically push the blood through the vases,
- In the long term standing on the legs during the day (teachers, hairdressers, behind the car in factories, etc. ),
- Excess body weight,
- Pregnancy (the metabolism changes and the load on the legs increases and increases intravascular pressure during childbirth),
- Long and frequent physical effort with lifting weights (rods, removals),
- lesions of the muscles of the arts or blood vessels,
- The toxic effect of nicotine, alcohol, chemicals, drugs.
Clinical manifestations of varicose veins on the arms and legs
- It all starts with complaints of fatigue in the legs or hands, their rapid tiredness, a feeling of gravity and numbness in them appears initially at the end of the working day and then constantly.
- The swelling and swelling appears, the more often it is observed on the legs in the evening.
- Extended ships become evident, first with physical effort and stress, and then they are visible at rest, the vascular stars so called.
- The confusion (Coni) appear along the ship, increasing in volume during physical effort or with cough, sneezing (with an increase in intra -abdominal pressure).
Varicose veins of the pelvis veins
It is characterized by long -term painful pains in the pelvis, abundant discharge from the vagina, painful sexual acts, rapid urination and urinary incontinence. A ri -gravidanza and childbirth, tumors in the pelvis and in the uterus are a provocative factor, which mechanically squeezes the veins, an increase in intra -abdominal pressure. Pain can be given to any part of the abdomen, but more often in the groin and in the sacred.
Expansion of the veins of the intra -abdominal space
The most dangerous expansion of the liver veins (portals veins) and esophagus. They are expanded less often, but they are dangerous for health by possible bleeding from them, which means the difficulty of providing medical treatment in this case.
Dangerous complications of varicose disease
- The venous blood stagnates in the veins and does not undergo cleaning from harmful substances and toxins over time, which means that the body is constantly subjected to self -reflection, which further exacerbates metabolic disorders and intoxication.
- In the knots or pockets of the blood vessels, the volume of blood accumulates, the blood cells (platelets) are glued together and a thrombus is formed. It can close the light of the same pot and can reach the vessels of the lungs, the heart, the brain with a blood flow and cause a violation of the blood flow, which occurs:
- Acute thromboembolism of the lung artery (respiratory violation that leads to the patient's death),
- An stroke that can have a different nature of a violation of the functions (from a slight paresis of the limbs to deep disabilities and even a fatal result),
- Myocardial infarction and light,
- Thrombosis of the blood vessels, which leads to blindness.
Phase of varicose veins
The first is the stadium of complaints when there are no visible signs of vascular damage:
- convulsive tightening of the muscles of the rear surface of the legs, brushes and shoulder;
- Night burning pain in them;
- The swelling of the feet and hands after physical effort and if you lower your hand or the leg in particular and hold down without movement, the shoes that are convenient on the morning of the evening begin to cause discomfort to the legs.
THE SECOND - The pain becomes more persistent in intensity, longer, "vascular stars" appear, the swelling of the feet, which may not pass during sleep until the morning. There are restrictions during work, the need for short -term rest.
The third - pain and numbness intensify, take on a constant character, more burning at night, during sleep it is difficult for a person to find a convenient position. The visual changes pronounced by the skin appear: the dryness of the skin has improved, the tendency to cracking, the veins expand significantly, nodules appear. Night rest does not relieve well -being. For long non -brain ulcers, inflammation in them appear quickly in the late period - thrombophlebitis.
Diagnosis of expansion of the veins
- Correctly evaluate the patient complaints.
- An ultrasound examination through the abdominal wall or through the vagina for pain in the pelvis - the presence of batch curves and the expansion of the light will be evident.
- Dopplerography allows you to estimate the speed of blood flow through the veins.
In heavy and not understandable cases, surgeons resort to laparoscopy.
Treatment of varicose veins
Not pharmacological treatment: normalize the correct lifestyle to maintain body weight compared to age, take a break in the work and be able to walk, do not limit the intake of liquids. During the rest, give a high position to the legs. Use compression underwear, if necessary (socks, golf). Massage courses, exercise therapy, spa treatment.
Pharmacological treatment - Assumption of drugs especially in tablets or use ointments locally in the form of applications and compressed
Surgical treatment - aimed at removing the damaged vein or its plastic.
How to prevent the development of varicose veins
- People who are at risk (drivers, hairdressers, seamstresses, surgeons, heavy work workers) should carefully listen to changes in the body, while noticing and evaluating pain syndrome and not erase everything for general effort.
- Try to exclude the long -term forced positions of the body - to sit down with an abandoned foot on another knee, sit "on squat. " Change the position of the body more often.
- During the day, to make a small heat (walk, incline the body forward and backwards, crouched), then this will allow the muscles of the limbs to pump the blood vessels mechanically. Run a little or jump on the spot.
- Follow and perform weight correction, especially in adulthood, when the flow of blood tends to decrease.
- Do not wear things that tighten the body, exclude the delay of the linen.
- Change the height of the heel during the day from high to bass. Preference to give the heels 2-5 high, 5 cm.
- Make sure to walk barefoot in artificial gravel (rugs with needles, imitation of shells).
- Healthy diet with a high content of vitamin C (vegetables, sauerkraut, berries).
- Exclude bad habits.
- Massage courses or lymphatic drainage sessions.
- Engaged in swimming if there are no contraindications (Ernia Disco) - Scandinava walk.
ATTENTION: varicose veins are progressive, it is not susceptible to complete the cure and is quite dangerous with its complications. You must always remember it and take measures for prevention from a young age and not neglect them when there is later. Taking care of the health of the legs is concern for healthy old age.